This course firstly considers the theoretical basis and evolution of landscape ecology. Secondarily, the principles underlying long-term coexistence of people, resources and the environment are discussed, with a focus on ecological linkages. Topics include review of a breadth of sustainable development perspectives；ecological integrity and human needs；the role of spatial pattern and process；expansion of patterns of the built environment；ecological change and human adaptability；local, regional and global dimensions；and lessons from unsuccessful and successful cases. In addition, some examples of both tools and methods applied in landscape ecology are also explored in-depth.